Blockchain and Digital Assets Services
Compliance, tax, audit, risk management, and advisory for crypto-native and crypto-active organizations
Accelerate innovation and adoption of blockchain technology and digital assets
The capability and utility of blockchain and digital assets are no longer confined to crypto-native businesses. They are rapidly becoming meaningful tools in the day-to-day operations of traditional financial services organizations and other enterprises seeking transaction efficiency, decreased costs, and automation.
At the same time, however, these new capabilities are evolving faster than the regulations meant to define them — meaning opportunity can come with meaningful risk. The absence of clear, established accounting, audit standards and compliance creates uncertainty and anxiety. Fraud, cybercrime and litgation are significant threats, while taxes and transactions can hinge on complex issues of valuation and ownership that resist traditional ledger-based accounting.
Our blockchain and digital assets practice works at the forefront of this rapidly evolving landscape, supporting your strategic vision while helping you manage the risks that can accompany blockchain and digital asset utilization at enterprise scale. Our multidisciplinary team includes crypto-native CPAs, CFEs, lawyers, blockchain analysts and investigators, forensic professionals, AI consultants, former enforcement and regulatory professionals, fact witness experts, and cybersecurity practitioners. We extend our reach through deep relationships across the sector, from startup innovators to federal regulators.
We help strengthen and address tax strategies, audit needs, financial reporting and accounting challenges, fraud and cyber threat prevention and mitigation, and regulatory compliance and risk reduction. BDO can also advise on complex topics related to digital asset treasuries (DATs), decentralized finance (DeFi) and protocol activity, stablecoin issuances, real-world asset (RWA) tokenization, token genesis events (TGEs), global expansion, IPO or M&A readiness, and review of complex financial products and derivatives. We also provide litigation support and dispute resolution, offer expertise in market manipulation and market dominance, and assist with pre-acquisition and pre-investment due diligence.
Who We Serve
BDO works with a wide spectrum of clients in the blockchain technology and digital asset ecosystem, including miners, validators, treasury management companies, broker-dealers, market-makers, centralized and decentralized exchanges, custodians, stablecoin issuers, custodians, investment advisors, and technology companies building the infrastructure of this growing industry. And our roster of traditional clients adding digital assets to their portfolios includes retail and commercial banks, investment firms, traders, family offices, and other entities pursuing engagement and investment in digital assets.
Industry Leadership
BDO is an active participant in workgroups and leadership associations in the blockchain and digital asset accounting and auditing innovation space.
- AICPA Digital Assets Working Group and Stablecoin Attestation Group
- BDO helps develop non-authoritative accounting and auditing guidance covering an array of digital asset related topics.
- Accounting Blockchain Coalition
- BDO is a founding and current board member.
- X9A3 Blockchain Auditing Work Group Committee
- BDO is a member of the Accredited Standards Committee (ASC), where we develop principles for auditing blockchains and SOC reporting for blockchain operations.
- Alternative Investment Management Association (AIMA)
- BDO is a regular participant in the Digital Assets Working Group.
- Global Blockchain Business Council (GBBC)
- Blockchain Association
- Association for Women in Crypto (AWIC)
- BDO is a founding sponsor.
- Transnational Dispute Management (TDM)
- BDO is contributor and editor for TDM’s Cryptocurrencies and Other Digital Assets in Arbitration.
- CAQ Digital Assets Task Force
- AICPA Digital Asset Tax Task Force
How BDO Can Help
BDO offers blockchain and digital assets services to help your organization achieve its goals.
Provide Forensic Support
We support incident recovery through asset valuations and damage estimates, and we can provide you with litigation support and expert testimony. >
Strengthen Compliance
We help digital asset firms build and assess risk-based AML, sanctions, KYC/KYT, and financial crime programs aligned with evolving rules
Deliver Transaction Support
We support your scale-up and growth via public offerings and M&A with digital asset valuations, price allocations, and transaction advisory.
Develop and Refine Tax Strategy
We help your crypto-engaged organization develop robust tax strategies, expand across borders, and navigate taxes within and outside the U.S.
Manage Risk
We help develop frameworks to manage your operational, financial, and compliance risk, and build fraud defenses and cybersecurity resilience.
Conduct Audits
We help you prepare for capital markets entry, IPO, and M&A activity through PCAOB, AICPA, SPAC, and public company readiness audits.
Blockchain and Digital Assets Capabilities
Blockchain, digital asset, crypto, and stablecoin activities can complicate your tax exposure. We deliver proactive compliance and planning solutions to help you address and avoid tax complications.
- Capital Gains and Portfolio Strategy: Improving wallet hygiene, recordkeeping, and transaction tracking.
- Federal and State Compliance: Multi-jurisdictional tax rules, focusing on cash tax and effective tax rate planning.
- International Structuring: Cross-border entity setups, foreign tax credits, withholding tax strategy, FDDEI benefits.
- Stablecoin and Token Launch Advisory: Tax-efficient structuring for token genesis events, DAOs, and stablecoin programs.
- Financial Product Analysis and Liquid Staking: Tax impact assessments for staking, lending, derivatives, and yield-bearing products.
- M&A and Corporate Structuring: Tax due diligence for acquisitions and reorganizations.
- Executive and High Net Worth Individual Tax Planning: Estate planning, trusts, and token compensation strategies.
- Indirect Taxes (VAT, Sales, Customs): EBITDA-focused planning and risk mitigation.
- IRS and Global Reporting: FATCA, FBAR, 1099-DA, and international compliance.
- Unclaimed Property and Escheatment: Compliance for dormant digital assets.
Blockchain and digital asset finance and commerce present evolving regulatory and forensic challenges. We can support the development of systems and processes to help you manage compliance risks, and we have the capability to support investigations and dispute resolution where necessary.
- Comprehensive Compliance Programs: Risk assessments, policy drafting, compliance training, and the design of AML and sanctions compliance programs.
- Independent Compliance Assessments: Independent AML reviews, compliance program assessments, model validations, and ancillary support including transaction monitoring and sanctions screening systems.
- Enhanced Due Diligence and Support: Outsourced compliance services, KYC and KYT monitoring, and MTL/MSB reporting, also supporting compliance system vendor selection and implementation.
- Forensic Investigations and Digital Asset Tracing: Advanced investigations of financial crimes, blockchain analysis, and cyber investigations and support.
- Litigation Support and Dispute Resolution: Digital asset valuation and damages, expert testimony, contract dispute analysis, and restructuring and recovery services.
- Cybersecurity and Digital Asset Analytics: Security architecture and configuration reviews, vulnerability management services, incident response and recovery strategies.
- Global Corporate Intelligence: Pre-transaction advisory and due diligence, investment and M&A support.
Read more about our Digital Assets and Blockchain Forensics capabilities
- Forensic Investigations and Digital Asset Tracing: Advanced investigations of financial crimes, blockchain analysis, and cyber investigations and support.
- Litigation Support and Dispute Resolution: Digital asset valuation and damages, expert testimony, contract dispute analysis, and restructuring and recovery services.
- Cybersecurity and Digital Asset Analytics: Security architecture and configuration reviews, vulnerability management services, incident response and recovery strategies.
- Global Corporate Intelligence: Pre-transaction advisory and due diligence, investment and M&A support.
Read more about our Digital Assets and Blockchain Forensics capabilities
We provide digital asset companies with independent analysis and transaction support to help you scale, prepare for public markets, and navigate complex deals.
- Fairness Opinions: Independent valuations for M&A and restructurings.
- Business Enterprise Valuation: Market-based valuation of miners, exchanges, and crypto-native companies.
- Crypto-Derivatives Valuation: Pricing structured tokens, swaps, and yield-bearing products.
- Intangible Asset Valuation: Measuring blockchain IP, platforms, and proprietary technology.
- Token Valuation: Assessing fungible, non-fungible, and governance token structures.
- Portfolio Valuation: Independent NAV valuations for funds and investors.
- Purchase Price Allocation (PPA): ASC 805 and IFRS-compliant allocation of crypto asset value in acquisitions.
- Liquidity and Reserve Advisory: Stress testing, reserve modeling, and adequacy reviews.
- Transaction Advisory: Due diligence, structuring, and deal support.
- BDO Capital: Investment Banking advisory across M&A and capital raising.
Read more about our M&A and Transaction Advisory capabilities.
Companies engaged in the blockchain technology and digital asset ecosystem face evolving financial reporting, valuation, safeguarding, and regulatory challenges. Our audit services are designed to enhance transparency, strengthen your stakeholder confidence, and provide support as you navigate the expectations of investors, regulators, and the capital markets.
- PCAOB Audits: For SEC registrants and companies preparing for public market transactions.
- AICPA Audits: For private companiesand investment funds tailored to their reporting needs.
- SPAC and de-SPAC Transactions: For companies pursuing public listings through SPAC mergers and meeting ongoing reporting requirements.
- IPO and Public Company Readiness: Financial statement audits aligned with U.S. GAAP or IFRS and regulatory expectations for companies entering the public markets.
Read more about our Audit Services.
BDO’s Blockchain and Digital Asset practice helps organizations navigate critical milestones with confidence—from preparing for a first PCAOB audit and planning for a public offering to strengthening regulatory and cybersecurity compliance. With deep sector experience and a practical, business-minded approach, we help clients address complexity, improve readiness, and move forward in the rapidly evolving digital asset landscape.
- IPO and Public Company Readiness: Accelerated support for SEC reporting and technical accounting, including revenue recognition, complex financial instruments, digital assets, and business combinations.
- Audit and Operational Support: Scalable assistance with staff augmentation, account cleanup, reconciliations, and overall audit readiness.
- SOX 404 Readiness and Compliance: Support for control design, IT general controls, process documentation, and internal audit readiness.
- SOC 1 and SOC 2 Reporting: Independent assurance to strengthen trust, security, and transparency for exchanges, custodians, and other digital asset organizations.
- Stablecoin Proof of Reserves Attestation: Independent verification of 1:1 reserve backing in support of GENIUS Act requirements.
- Enterprise Risk Management: Practical frameworks to identify, assess, and manage operational, financial, and compliance risks.
- Cybersecurity Compliance and Assessments: Evaluations to enhance IT resilience and support secure tokenization and reserve environments.
- Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning: Strategies designed to support resilience in high-risk, always-on operating environments.
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